Structure layout, type confusions and why they are exploitable

Here is a small section from the ending of my last stream where I go into the details of a real calc.exe type confusion bug. I was asked what an offset into a structure meant, so we go through some of the basics of memory layouts and describe why a type confusion is unsafe and dangerous in C!

Don't miss my streams at
Follow me on Twitter at

type confusion,calc.exe,exploit,security research,